Process

Write imperative, descriptive subject lines (imperative-subject)

Write commit messages in imperative mood with the subject line at or below 72 characters. Wrap identifiers in backticks.

Common prefixes used in the Asterinas commit log:

• Fix — correct a bug
• Add — introduce new functionality
• Remove — delete code or features
• Refactor — restructure without changing behavior
• Rename — change names of files, modules, or symbols
• Implement — add a new subsystem or feature
• Enable — turn on a previously disabled capability
• Clean up — minor tidying without functional change
• Bump — update a dependency version

Examples:

Fix deadlock in `Vmar::protect` when holding the page table lock

Add initial support for the io_uring subsystem

Refactor `TcpSocket` to separate connection state from I/O logic

If the commit requires further explanation, add a blank line after the subject followed by a body paragraph describing the why behind the change.

See also: PR #2877 and #2700.

One logical change per commit (atomic-commits)

Each commit should represent one logical change. Do not mix unrelated changes in a single commit. When fixing an issue discovered during review on a local or private branch, use git rebase -i to amend the commit that introduced the issue rather than appending a fixup commit at the end.

See also: PR #2791 and #2260.

Separate refactoring from features (refactor-then-feature)

If a feature requires preparatory refactoring, put the refactoring in its own commit(s) before the feature commit. This makes each commit easier to review and bisect.

See also: PR #2877.

Keep pull requests focused (focused-prs)

Keep pull requests focused on a single topic. A PR that mixes a bug fix, a refactoring, and a new feature is difficult to review.

Ensure that CI passes before requesting review. If CI fails on an unrelated flake, note it in the PR description.